Examples abound of small policy changes that produced unexpectedly large social effects. 中文:有大量例子表明,小的政策变化会产生出乎意料的巨大社会影响。
发音拼写与替换提醒
UK /əˈbaʊnd/; US /əˈbaʊnd/. abound 重音在第二音节,是动词,常见结构是 abound in/with 或主语 + abound,不能直接接名词作宾语;abundant 是形容词,放在名词前或 be 后。对比:Resources abound in the region. / The region has abundant resources.
The region has abundant renewable energy resources, but it lacks the infrastructure to use them efficiently. 中文:该地区拥有丰富的可再生能源资源,但缺乏高效利用这些资源的基础设施。
发音拼写与替换提醒
UK /əˈbʌn.dənt/; US /əˈbʌn.dənt/. abundant 重音在第二音节,是形容词,常修饰 evidence, resources, supply 等名词,也可用于 be abundant in something。它不能像动词 abound 一样单独作谓语表示“存在很多”。对比:Resources abound in the region. / The region has abundant resources. / The region is abundant in resources.
• accept an offer 接受提议 • accept responsibility 承担责任 • accept the evidence 接受证据 • accept a hypothesis 接受一个假设 • be widely accepted 被广泛接受
例句
Many researchers accept that socioeconomic factors influence educational outcomes. 许多研究者承认社会经济因素会影响教育结果。
发音拼写与替换提醒
IPA: UK /əkˈsept/. accept 首音为弱读 /ək-/,拼写是 ac-,核心是 agree/take(接受、认可);except /ɪkˈsept/ 是排除,expect /ɪkˈspekt/ 是预期。三者不能直接替换:accept an offer = 接受提议;except one case = 排除一个情况;expect a result = 预期一个结果。
• access to education 接受教育的机会 • access to information 获取信息的渠道 • internet access 互联网接入 • equal access 平等使用/获得机会 • gain access to data 获取数据访问权限
例句
Students in remote areas often have limited access to academic databases. 中文:偏远地区的学生通常无法充分使用学术数据库。
发音拼写与替换提醒
IPA (UK): /ˈæk.ses/. Stress is on the first syllable: AC-cess. It means being able to reach or use something; it cannot replace assess (evaluate) or excess (too much). Compare: Students need access to journals; researchers assess the results; excess noise affects concentration.
advise 是“给出建议这个动作”的动词,看到宾语加 to do 或 against doing 就选 advise。
中文释义
(动词)建议;劝告;通知,指向某人提出建议、给出专业意见或正式告知。
常见搭配
• advise students 建议学生 • advise someone to do something 建议某人做某事 • strongly advise 强烈建议 • advise against doing something 劝告不要做某事 • be advised to do something 被建议做某事
例句
Health officials advise residents to avoid outdoor exercise when air pollution is severe. 中文:卫生官员建议居民在空气污染严重时避免户外运动。
发音拼写与替换提醒
advise:英 /ədˈvaɪz/;美 /ədˈvaɪz/。结尾 -se 发 /z/,是动词,常用 advise someone to do something 或 advise against doing something。不能替换 advice(不可数名词“建议”):I need your advice. = 我需要你的建议;Experts advise caution. = 专家建议谨慎。
看到 alternative approach/option/source,先想到“可供选择的另一种方案”。
中文释义
形容词/名词:可替代的;可供选择的;替代方案。强调在多个选项中选择另一种,而非按顺序交替。
常见搭配
• alternative approach 替代方法 • alternative explanation 另一种解释 • alternative source 替代来源 • viable alternative 可行替代方案 • alternative to fossil fuels 化石燃料的替代品
例句
The committee considered an alternative approach after the initial plan proved too expensive. 中文:最初的计划被证明成本过高后,委员会考虑了一种替代方法。
发音拼写与替换提醒
UK /ɒlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/;US /ɑːlˈtɝː.nə.t̬ɪv/。拼写辨认:alternative 比 alternate 多 -iv(e),常和 approach, explanation, source, option 搭配。不能随意替换 alternate:alternative days 不表示“隔日”,应说 alternate days;an alternative plan 表示“替代计划”。
n. 数量;数额;总量。常用于不可数名词、金钱、程度或整体量,如 amount of evidence / amount of money。
常见搭配
• amount of information 信息量 • a large amount of evidence 大量证据 • a small amount of money 少量资金 • the total amount of funding 资金总额 • reduce the amount of waste 减少废弃物数量
例句
The survey collected a large amount of information about students' study habits. 中文:这项调查收集了大量关于学生学习习惯的信息。
发音拼写与替换提醒
UK /əˈmaʊnt/; US /əˈmaʊnt/. amount 重音在第二音节,常见结构是 amount of + 不可数名词或整体数量。它不能直接替换 number of 的复数可数名词用法。对比:a large amount of evidence / a large number of studies.
• problems arise 问题出现 • questions arise 问题产生 • opportunities arise 机会出现 • arise from a situation 起因于某种情况 • difficulties may arise 困难可能出现
例句
Several ethical questions may arise when researchers collect data from vulnerable groups. 中文:当研究人员从弱势群体收集数据时,可能会出现若干伦理问题。
发音拼写与替换提醒
arise:UK /əˈraɪz/;US /əˈraɪz/。开头 a- 加 rise,不及物,常表示问题、机会或情况“出现/产生”;arise from 后接原因或来源。不能直接接宾语;raise 是及物动词,表示“提高/提出”。对比:A problem arose. / The report raised a problem.
assess 看到双 s 想“评分/评估”:考试和研究里常接 impact、risk、performance。
中文释义
v. 评估、评价、估算;强调对质量、影响、风险、水平等作判断。
常见搭配
• assess the impact 评估影响 • assess the risk 评估风险 • assess students' performance 评价学生表现 • assess the evidence 评估证据 • assess whether ... 评估是否……
例句
The study aims to assess whether early feedback improves writing accuracy. 中文:该研究旨在评估早期反馈是否能提高写作准确度。
发音拼写与替换提醒
IPA (UK): /əˈses/. Stress is on the second syllable: as-SESS. It has double s in the middle and means evaluate; it cannot replace access (right or way to use something) or excess (too much). Compare: assess the risk, not access the risk.
(形容词)反感的;不愿意的;回避的。常用 be averse to sth/doing sth 表示主观态度。
常见搭配
• be averse to risk 不愿冒险 • be averse to change 抗拒改变 • be averse to spending money 不愿花钱 • not be averse to criticism 并不排斥批评 • risk-averse investors 风险规避型投资者
例句
Many investors are averse to risk when economic conditions are uncertain. 中文:当经济形势不确定时,许多投资者不愿承担风险。
• excess consumption 过度消费 • excess demand 过度需求 • excess capacity 过剩产能 • an excess of nutrients 营养过量 • in excess of 20 percent 超过 20%
例句
Excess screen time may reduce students' concentration during lectures. 中文:过长的屏幕使用时间可能降低学生听课时的注意力。
发音拼写与替换提醒
IPA (UK noun): /ɪkˈses/; adjective use often has first-syllable stress /ˈek.ses/. It starts with ex- and means too much; it cannot replace access (ability to use) or assess (evaluate). Compare: excess demand is too much demand; assess demand means evaluate demand.
n. 数目;数量;总数。用于可数名词,强调一个个可数的个体,如 number of students / number of cases。
常见搭配
• the number of participants 参与者人数 • a large number of cases 大量案例 • a small number of errors 少量错误 • reduce the number of complaints 减少投诉数量 • an increasing number of students 越来越多学生
例句
The number of international students has increased over the past decade. 中文:过去十年,国际学生人数有所增加。
发音拼写与替换提醒
UK /ˈnʌm.bər/; US /ˈnʌm.bɚ/. number 以 num- 开头,表示数字或可数个体的总数;a number of 表示“若干”,the number of 表示“……的数量”。它不能直接替换 amount of 的不可数名词用法。对比:the number of students / the amount of time.
• a large quantity of data 大量数据 • vast quantities of water 大量水 • the quantity of evidence 证据数量 • measure the quantity of material 测量材料数量 • produce in large quantities 大量生产
例句
Researchers measured the quantity of water used by each household. 中文:研究人员测量了每户家庭的用水量。
发音拼写与替换提醒
UK /ˈkwɒn.tə.ti/; US /ˈkwɑːn.t̬ə.t̬i/. quantity 以 quant- 开头,与 quantitative / quantify 同根,语气比 amount 和 number 更正式。它可用于可数或不可数,但强调“可测量、可确定的量”,不能机械替换所有 amount / number。对比:a quantity of chemicals / the number of participants.