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托福阅读词汇题 还原真题句子与选项，在语境中判断目标词含义并复盘正确答案。 ▦ 卡片学习视图☷ 表格学习视图
⌕ ⌘ K 全部 B · 12 名词 · 12 动词 · 10 形容词 · 10 A · 10 C · 9 D · 9 副词 · 5 短语 · 3 Notion 原顺序 标题 A → Z 标题 Z → A
40 条结果 · 卡片已展开全部可见属性
ejecting 原文句子 As layers are deposited, the weight of the overlying layers exerts pressure on the sediments below, reducing their volume and ejecting water, a process known as compaction.
选项 A. combining with B. heating C. forcing out D. accumulating
英文释义 forcing or throwing something out
注意事项 词根词缀：e-/ex-（向外）+ ject（投掷）+ -ing，即“向外抛出／排出”。 同词族： • eject — 弹出；排出 • ejection — 弹出；喷出 • inject — 注入 • reject — 拒绝；排斥 词形变化：动词 eject / ejects / ejected / ejected / ejecting。原句指沉积物受压后“排出水分”。
来源文章标题 Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
打开完整卡片 ↗ transformative 原文句子 This branch of astronomy has led to transformative discoveries, including the detection of cosmic microwave background radiation—a faint glow left over from the Big Bang—which has enabled scientists to reconstruct the universe's early conditions.
选项 A. meaning to B. groundbreaking C. exciting D. concerning
英文释义 causing a major and lasting change
注意事项 词根词缀：trans-（跨越；改变）+ form（形态）+ -ative（形容词后缀），即“使形态发生根本改变的”。 同词族： • transform — 改变；转化 • transformation — 转变；变革 • transformative — 带来变革的 • transformer — 变压器；促成转变者 用法提醒：transformative discoveries 指“足以改变研究领域的发现”。
来源文章标题 Radio Astronomy: A New Perspective
打开完整卡片 ↗ resurgence 原文句子 However, it saw a resurgence during the following Renaissance period, leading to the flourishing of theater that laid the groundwork for modern theater.
选项 A. change B. debate C. history D. comeback
英文释义 a renewed increase, return, or revival after a period of decline
注意事项 词根词缀：re-（再次）+ surg（升起）+ -ence（名词后缀），即“再次兴起”。 同词族： • surge — 激增；涌起 • resurge — 重新出现 • resurgence — 复兴；再度兴起 • resurgent — 再度兴起的 词形变化：名词；单数 resurgence，复数 resurgences。常见 a resurgence of/in ...。
来源文章标题 The Origins of Theater
打开完整卡片 ↗ mantra 原文句子 This mantra instructs us to consciously dispense with constraints, but what if the box itself prevents us from thinking creatively?
选项 A. a well-respected teacher B. a very popular song C. a rule that is rarely disobeyed D. a phrase that is repeated often
英文释义 a phrase or idea that is repeated often and expresses a belief or rule
注意事项 记忆技巧：mantra 是梵语借词，原指反复吟诵的神圣语句，现代也指反复强调的信条或口号。 相关表达： • mantra — 反复念诵的语句；口号 • motto — 座右铭；格言 • slogan — 标语；口号 词形变化：名词；单数 mantra，复数 mantras。
来源文章标题 Thinking Outside the Box
打开完整卡片 ↗ mitigate 原文句子 Conservationists are working to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on birds.
选项 A. understand B. analyze C. communicate D. reduce
英文释义 to make something harmful, unpleasant, or serious less severe
注意事项 记忆技巧：来自表示“使温和、使减轻”的词源；不要误拆成 mit + gate。 同词族： • mitigate — 缓解；减轻 • mitigation — 缓解措施；减轻 • mitigative — 缓解性的 • unmitigated — 完全的；未缓和的 词形变化：动词 mitigate / mitigates / mitigated / mitigated / mitigating。原句强调“减轻城市化对鸟类的负面影响”。
来源文章标题 The Effects of Urbanization on Bird Populations
打开完整卡片 ↗ groundbreaking 原文句子 Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a groundbreaking tool in the field of human performance technology, particularly in training environments.
选项 A. educational B. practical C. revolutionary D. interesting
英文释义 introducing new ideas or methods that cause major change
注意事项 记忆技巧：ground + breaking，原指“破土”，后引申为“开辟新领域的”。 同词族： • break new ground — 开辟新领域 • groundbreaking — 开创性的；革命性的 • groundbreaking work — 开创性工作 用法提醒：通常用于研究、发现、技术或工具，不只是泛泛的“有趣”。
来源文章标题 Augmented Reality for Training
打开完整卡片 ↗ seamlessly 原文句子 Unlike traditional prosthetics, which are often cumbersome and limited in function, cybernetic versions are designed to integrate seamlessly with the human nervous system.
选项 A. generally B. smoothly C. repeatedly D. slowly
英文释义 smoothly and without any noticeable interruption or difficulty
注意事项 词根词缀：seam（接缝）+ -less（无……的）+ -ly（副词后缀），字面是“看不见接缝地”。 同词族： • seam — 接缝 • seamless — 无缝的；流畅的 • seamlessly — 无缝地；顺畅地 用法提醒：常见 integrate/work/connect seamlessly，强调过程流畅、衔接自然。
来源文章标题 Cybernetic Prosthetics
打开完整卡片 ↗ minimizing 原文句子 These are roofs covered with vegetation to help manage stormwater by absorbing rainfall, decreasing runoff, and minimizing flooding risks.
选项 A. monitoring B. postponing C. controlling D. lowering
英文释义 reducing something to the smallest possible amount or degree
注意事项 词根词缀：minim（最小）+ -ize（使……）+ -ing，表示“使之尽可能小”。 同词族： • minimum — 最小值；最低限度 • minimal — 最小的；极少的 • minimize — 最小化；尽量减少 • minimization — 最小化 词形变化：动词 minimize / minimizes / minimized / minimized / minimizing。
来源文章标题 Green Roof Benefits
打开完整卡片 ↗ still in its infancy 原文句子 Despite these discoveries, the study of plant communication is still in its infancy.
选项 A. highly controversial B. in a difficult period C. looking for funding D. at an early stage
英文释义 still at a very early stage of development
注意事项 常见搭配：be still in its infancy；infancy 原指“婴儿期”，比喻研究或技术“仍在早期阶段”。 同词族： • infant — 婴儿 • infancy — 婴儿期；初期 • infantile — 婴儿的；幼稚的 用法提醒：主语变化时物主代词也要变化，如 the technology is in its infancy / these fields are in their infancy。
来源文章标题 Plant Communication
打开完整卡片 ↗ milestone 原文句子 Very young children cannot recognize themselves in a mirror; they usually achieve this milestone around 18 months of age.
选项 A. accomplishment B. distance C. weight D. discovery
英文释义 an important stage or event that marks significant progress in the development or history of something
注意事项 记忆技巧：mile（英里）+ stone（石头）；原指路旁标示里程的石碑，可联想到“发展道路上的重要节点”。 同词族： • milestone — 里程碑；重要阶段 • landmark — 地标；里程碑式事件 词形变化：名词；单数 milestone，复数 milestones。
打开完整卡片 ↗ resilience 原文句子 Critics argue that the syndrome underestimates the resilience of orbital infrastructure and overstates the inevitability of runaway collisions.
选项 A. strength B. threat C. knowledge D. supervision
英文释义 the ability to recover from difficulties or remain strong under pressure
注意事项 记忆技巧：re-（向后）+ 表示“跳”的词源，原始意象是“受冲击后弹回来”。 同词族： • resilient — 有韧性的；抗冲击的 • resilience — 韧性；恢复力 • resiliency — 恢复能力 词形变化：名词；通常作不可数名词。原句强调轨道基础设施承受冲击、继续运作的能力。
打开完整卡片 ↗ reliance 原文句子 These technologies offer significant environmental benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions and decreased reliance on non-renewable resources.
选项 A. dependence B. trust C. use D. production
英文释义 dependence on someone or something
注意事项 词根词缀：rely（依赖）+ -ance（名词后缀）。 同词族： • rely — 依赖；信赖 • reliable — 可靠的 • reliability — 可靠性 • reliant — 依赖的 • reliance — 依赖 词形变化：名词；通常作不可数名词。常见 reliance on ...，原句 decreased reliance on 表示“减少对……的依赖”。
来源文章标题 Renewable Energy Sources
打开完整卡片 ↗ departure 原文句子 This marked a significant departure from the flat, two-dimensional representations common in earlier European art.
选项 A. practice B. change C. work D. choice
英文释义 a change from what is usual, expected, or previously done
注意事项 词根词缀：de-（离开）+ part（分开；离去）+ -ure（名词后缀）。 同词族： • depart — 离开；偏离 • departure — 离开；背离；转变 • department — 部门 词形变化：名词；单数 departure，复数 departures。a departure from ... 常指“对以往做法的背离或重大改变”。
来源文章标题 Renaissance Art Techniques
打开完整卡片 ↗ innovation 原文句子 The history of photography is marked by significant technological progress and artistic innovation.
选项 A. success B. advancement C. activity D. expression
英文释义 a new idea, method, or development that improves something
注意事项 词根词缀：nov（新）+ -ation（名词后缀），核心概念是“引入新事物”。 同词族： • innovate — 创新 • innovation — 创新；新方法 • innovative — 创新的 • innovator — 创新者 词形变化：名词；可数时复数 innovations，也可作不可数名词表示“创新活动”。
来源文章标题 The History of Photography
打开完整卡片 ↗ dominant 原文句子 The Golden Age of Television is often considered to have occurred during the 1950s and 1960s, when TV became a dominant cultural force.
选项 A. relevant B. favorite C. leading D. entertaining
英文释义 more important, powerful, or influential than others
注意事项 记忆技巧：domin- 与“主人、支配”有关，可联想 dominate。 同词族： • dominate — 支配；占主导 • dominant — 主导的；占优势的 • dominance — 支配地位；优势 • predominantly — 主要地 用法提醒：原句 dominant cultural force 指“占主导地位的文化力量”。
来源文章标题 The Golden Age of Television
打开完整卡片 ↗ mitigate 原文句子 Efforts to mitigate these impacts include developing coral species that are more resilient to temperature fluctuations and acidification.
选项 A. research B. alleviate C. measure D. predict
英文释义 to make something harmful, unpleasant, or serious less severe
注意事项 记忆技巧：来自表示“使温和、使减轻”的词源；不要误拆成 mit + gate。 同词族： • mitigate — 缓解；减轻 • mitigation — 缓解措施；减轻 • mitigative — 缓解性的 • unmitigated — 完全的；未缓和的 词形变化：动词 mitigate / mitigates / mitigated / mitigated / mitigating。原句指缓解气候变化对珊瑚礁的影响。
来源文章标题 The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs
打开完整卡片 ↗ crucial 原文句子 Neuroscientists have discovered that the hippocampus, a region of the brain associated with memory, plays a crucial role in this process.
选项 A. significant B. complex C. optional D. rare
英文释义 extremely important or necessary
注意事项 记忆技巧：与 crux（关键点；症结）有关，可联想“处在十字路口，决定后续方向”。 同词族： • crux — 核心；症结 • crucial — 至关重要的 • crucially — 至关重要地 用法提醒：常见 crucial role / factor / stage；程度比 merely important 更强。
打开完整卡片 ↗ invoke 原文句子 Many treatments involved prayers and rituals to invoke the favor of the gods.
选项 A. request B. understand C. increase D. express
英文释义 to call upon someone or something for help or support
注意事项 词根词缀：in-（向内／向……求助）+ voc（声音；呼唤），即“呼唤某种力量来到”。 同词族： • invoke — 祈求；援引；唤起 • invocation — 祈求；调用 • revoke — 撤销 • vocal — 声音的；直言的 词形变化：动词 invoke / invokes / invoked / invoked / invoking。原句 invoke the favor of the gods 指“祈求神灵眷顾”。
来源文章标题 Ancient Egyptian Medicine
打开完整卡片 ↗ ingenuity 原文句子 The theoretical use of sunstones remains a fascinating example of Viking ingenuity.
选项 A. education B. cleverness C. luck D. fame
英文释义 cleverness and skill in designing, creating, or solving problems
注意事项 记忆技巧：来自 ingenium（天生的才智、才能）；不要与 genuine（真正的）混淆。 同词族： • ingenious — 有独创性的；聪明的 • ingenuity — 聪明才智；独创性 • ingeniously — 巧妙地 词形变化：名词；通常作不可数名词。注意 ingenious（聪明的）与 ingenuous（天真的）拼写相近但意思不同。
来源文章标题 Mysterious Viking Sunstones
打开完整卡片 ↗ mitigate 原文句子 Efforts to mitigate ocean acidification include reducing CO2 emissions, protecting marine areas, and researching adaptive strategies for marine life.
选项 A. alleviate B. increase C. predict D. analyze
英文释义 to make something harmful, unpleasant, or serious less severe
注意事项 记忆技巧：来自表示“使温和、使减轻”的词源；不要误拆成 mit + gate。 同词族： • mitigate — 缓解；减轻 • mitigation — 缓解措施；减轻 • mitigative — 缓解性的 • unmitigated — 完全的；未缓和的 词形变化：动词 mitigate / mitigates / mitigated / mitigated / mitigating。常接 impact、risk、damage、climate change。
来源文章标题 Ocean Acidification
打开完整卡片 ↗ indispensable 原文句子 Their role in nutrient cycling is indispensable for healthy ecosystems.
选项 A. similar B. well-known C. essential D. useful
英文释义 absolutely necessary and impossible to do without
注意事项 词根词缀：in-（不）+ dispensable（可有可无的），因此是“不可缺少的”。 同词族： • dispense — 分配；免除 • dispensable — 可有可无的 • indispensable — 不可或缺的 • indispensability — 不可或缺性 用法提醒：常用 be indispensable to/for ...。
来源文章标题 The Role of Fungi in Ecosystems
打开完整卡片 ↗ curating 原文句子 This phenomenon reveals that fewer choices can sometimes make consumers happier, which is a valuable insight for marketers and retailers aiming to boost satisfaction by curating their offerings.
选项 A. eliminating B. organizing C. increasing D. changing
英文释义 selecting and organizing items carefully for a particular purpose
注意事项 记忆技巧：curate 源自表示“照料、管理”的词源；curating 在此指对商品进行筛选、组织和呈现。 同词族： • curate — 策划；精选 • curator — 策展人；内容策划者 • curation — 策划；精选整理 • curated — 精心挑选的 词形变化：动词 curate / curates / curated / curated / curating。
来源文章标题 The Paradox of Choice
打开完整卡片 ↗ prevalent 原文句子 Vibrio species thrive in warm, salty environments, making them particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.
选项 A. widespread B. limited C. dangerous D. rare
英文释义 common or widespread in a particular place or group
注意事项 记忆技巧：与 prevail（盛行；占优势）同族，prevalent 强调“在某地区或群体中普遍存在”。 同词族： • prevail — 盛行；占优势 • prevalent — 普遍存在的 • prevalence — 普遍；流行程度 用法提醒：常用 be prevalent in/among ...，不要和 relevant（相关的）混淆。
打开完整卡片 ↗ enhance 原文句子 Precision farming utilizes satellite imagery to enhance crop yields by analyzing soil and weather conditions.
选项 A. maintain B. imitate C. predict D. improve
英文释义 to improve the quality, value, or effectiveness of something
注意事项 记忆技巧：enhance 表示“提高、增强”，重点记搭配而不要机械拆分。 同词族： • enhance — 提高；增强 • enhancement — 提高；改进 • enhanced — 增强的；改进的 词形变化：动词 enhance / enhances / enhanced / enhanced / enhancing。原句 enhance crop yields 指“提高作物产量”。
来源文章标题 Agricultural Economics
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